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Case file 001 · NASA

NASA's UFO filesWhat the astronauts saw, and nobody explained

  • 40NASA files
  • 15recordings: seven hours
  • 16documents: nearly 2,000 pages
  • 6unexplained cases

UNEXPLAINED

The six open cases

What the files themselves leave unexplained, with the original page.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Skylab 3 · September 1973

“What satellite it was and how it happened to end up in such a similar orbit, no one ever explained to us.”

Three astronauts follow a reddish light for ten minutes, less than a hundred kilometers away. They ask for it to be identified. No answer is on record.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Gemini 4 · June 1965

“I was concerned enough that I checked… to see if I had maneuver capability.”

James McDivitt sees an object near Hawaii, thinks they are closing on it and reaches for the controls to move away. The sun hits the window and he loses it.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Apollo 11 · July 1969

“We really don't have a conclusion as to what it might have been, how big it was, or how far away it was.”

On the way to the Moon they see something they think is their rocket stage. Houston tells them the stage is 6,000 miles away.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Gemini 5 · August 1965

“Pete and I thought we saw something and we didn't have time to identify it.”

Gordon Cooper, the same man who said on TV in 1962 that everything had an explanation. It is the weakest case, and he downplays it himself.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Gemini 7 · December 5, 1965

“We have a bogey at 10 o'clock high.”

Frank Borman says it over the radio and, seconds later, adds that he can also see the booster. The objects section of his debriefing has not a single line about that call.

Photo: NASA archive
UNEXPLAINED

Apollo 16 · April 1972

“The first report of a transient event of some nature that's been seen from orbit.”

A white flash, brighter than the brightest star, seen from lunar orbit. It was not like the cosmic-ray flashes.

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The full case file

NASA's UFO files: 15 audio recordings and 16 declassified documents

Published: September 23, 2026 · Updated: October 16, 2026

In 2026 the U.S. Department of War began releasing its files on unidentified anomalous phenomena. Forty of them come from NASA: fifteen audio recordings, sixteen documents and nine images. We listened to and read all of them. This case file sums up what they say, what they explain and what they still leave unexplained.

What this release is

The program is called PURSUE and it is published by the U.S. Department of War with support from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The first batch came out on May 8, 2026; by September 18 there had been six, with 447 files from eleven agencies.

NASA contributed 40 and is the least redacted agency of all: a single redaction across 40 files.

The Department of War itself presents this material as unresolved cases. "Unresolved" means it could not be determined what it was. It does not mean extraterrestrial, and nothing in this case file claims that.

Counting the 15 recordings

We classified each recording by what its own file says, not by what the internet says about it.

What it isRecordingsWhich
NASA explains it in the same file6D008, D010, D026, D027, D028, D029
Same phenomenon NASA explains (ice particles)2D011, D013
The astronauts' own guess, never confirmed2D009, D012
Not a sighting (a dye marker, an opinion, a joke)3D014, D023, D025
Unexplained2D003A (Gemini 7) and D024 (Apollo 16)

Timeline, case by case

In brackets, the file's identifier in the official catalog and the document page. Quotes are the original English.

  1. Jul 21, 1961

    Mercury-Redstone 4 Not a sighting

    27 seconds of radio from the recovery team. There is no sighting at all: they are talking about a dye marker that did not deploy.

    [D014]
  2. 1962

    John Glenn's "fireflies" Explained

    Glenn describes luminous particles around his capsule. In that year's internal memo, a NASA scientist writes that they had to come from the spacecraft itself.

    [D015]
  3. May 24, 1962

    Mercury-Atlas 7 · Scott Carpenter Explained

    "They look exactly like snowflakes to me." The same phenomenon NASA later explains: ice particles.

    [D013]
  4. Oct 3, 1962

    Mercury-Atlas 8 · Wally Schirra Guess

    "Little white objects that tend to come from the capsule itself and drift off." He links it to sunset himself; nobody confirms it.

    [D012]
  5. Nov 1962

    Gordon Cooper with Walter Cronkite Not a sighting

    An opinion on television: "I think that maybe, in fact, each and every one of them does have an explanation." Years later, Cooper would take the UFO question to the United Nations (1978).

    [D023]
  6. May 15, 1963

    Mercury-Atlas 9 · Gordon Cooper Explained

    "I am observing John's fireflies drifting away from me." NASA determined it was frozen condensation. In another recording he describes particles and, later, a xenon strobe beacon the crew had deployed; they are two different things.

    [D010, D011]
  7. Jun 1965

    Gemini 4 · The object near Hawaii Unexplained

    James McDivitt, debriefed aboard the USS Wasp: "This satellite that I saw over around Hawaii… we were closing on it… I was concerned enough that I checked… to see if I had maneuver capability." He lost it when the sun came across the window. The Condon Report (1968) left it without an adequate explanation; years later, engineer James Oberg suggested it was the second stage of their own rocket. On the same flight, the "sky full of stars" Edward White saw was fuel particles and dumped urine, and what they took for their own booster blinking was a planet: they explain that themselves.

    [D016, p. 75 · D017]
  8. Aug 1965

    Gemini 5 · "We never could identify it" Unexplained

    Gordon Cooper: "There was only one time when Pete and I thought we saw something and we didn't have time to identify it… I don't even know if it was a satellite." It is the weakest of the four cases, and he downplays it himself. On the page before, a washer and then a bolt float past the window.

    [D020, pp. 153-154]
  9. Dec 5, 1965

    Gemini 7 · Frank Borman's "bogey" Unexplained

    On the tape: "We have a bogey at 10 o'clock high." Houston asks whether it is the booster or an actual sighting. Borman: "We have several, looks like three up there, actual sighting" and, ten seconds later, "We also have the booster in sight." A handwritten note in the file reads "UFO SIGHTING BY BORMAN (GT-7)". In the debriefing two weeks later, the section on objects seen in orbit covers the booster, a missile re-entry and two satellites, but not the December 5 call. Not mentioning it proves nothing.

    [D003A · D003, p. 2 · D021]
  10. Jul 1969

    Apollo 11 · The object on the way to the Moon Unexplained

    A day out, they see something of appreciable size. They thought it was their rocket's last stage: "We called the ground and were told the S-IVB was 6000 miles away." Michael Collins sums it up: "we really don't have a conclusion as to what it might have been, how big it was, or how far away it was." In the same document, the "laser" they saw on Earth was, according to Aldrin, "more probably a reflection off a lake."

    [D004, pp. 6-34, 6-36 and 21-2]
  11. Nov 1969

    Apollo 12 · Flashes and particles Explained

    Conrad, Gordon and Bean describe flashes while trying to sleep: cosmic rays passing through the retina, as Aldrin had reported on Apollo 11. From the surface, Bean sees particles moving away and says some seem to be "escaping the Moon"; Houston replies "roger". Most likely it was what he first thought, ice or gas from the module, but nobody confirms it to him.

    [D008 · D001, p. 743]
  12. Apr 1972

    Apollo 16 · The flash seen from lunar orbit Unexplained

    An astronaut describes a white flash, "brighter than the brightest star", unlike the cosmic-ray flashes ("I didn't see any of those"). In the science session it is called "the first report of a transient event of some nature that's been seen from orbit".

    [D024]
  13. Dec 7, 1972

    Apollo 17 · The fragments Guess

    "Very jagged angular fragments… tumbling." "Looks like the Fourth of July." Houston asks what they might be and Cernan answers: "Well, you know, I don't know." The crew suggests paint flakes or ice, and calls it "a wild guess". On the same flight, Harrison Schmitt sees a flash on the lunar surface north of Grimaldi crater and puts it down to a possible small impact.

    [D009 · D002, pp. 2, 7, 11 and 16]
  14. 1973

    Skylab 2 · Flashes with eyes closed Explained

    Two or three flashes a minute, in bed. One crew member describes them as cosmic particles: one streak going into the eye and another coming out.

    [Skylab 2 technical debriefing, Jun 30, 1973, pp. 23-20 and 23-21]
  15. Sep 1973

    Skylab 3 · The red object Unexplained

    Bean, Garriott and Lousma follow a reddish light for five to ten minutes, "much brighter than Jupiter". Its brightness rises and falls every ten seconds: it is rotating. From how it fades as the station enters Earth's shadow, they estimate it was no more than 30 to 50 nautical miles away, in an orbit almost identical to theirs. They reported it and asked for it to be identified. In the October debriefing, Garriott: "What satellite it was and how it happened to end up in such a similar orbit, no one ever explained to us."

    [D007, pp. 7-4, 7-5, 20-1 and 20-2]
  16. 1974

    Skylab 4 · The lights Guess

    Gerald Carr says they saw lights flashing outside "with a very definite motion relative to ours. We presumed that they were other pieces of Skylab, or possibly other satellites."

    [D007, p. 7-8]

What they prove, and what they don't

They do not prove there were craft from another world. No astronaut says so in these files. The Gemini 4 and Skylab 3 crews call what they saw a "satellite" from the first sentence.

They do prove that the astronauts reported what they saw plainly, that they usually worked it out themselves, and that there were times they could not. On Skylab 3 they asked for an identification, and nothing published so far records an answer.

Still to review: NASA's nine images and the more than four hundred files from other agencies.

Sources

Identifiers (D003A, D016…) are those of NASA's entries in the official catalog. Quotes come from our own transcripts of the recordings and from the original scans of the documents.

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